As You all know "Google" is the world's most popular search engine.Searching in Google page is done by,working of an algorithm created by the Google establishers.Eventhough the Algorithm is kept most secretive its the most efficient available in the internet.
Google "BOMB" is referred to not as a "BOMB" but as a failure or miscalculation of the Google Algorithm.One of the first "Miserable Failure" Google bomb linked to George W. Bush's White House biography ie when you type "Miserable Failure" in the Google search page,you will be redirected to George Bush's White House Biography site. Although now its been cured,but the chances of "Bombing" remains there.
Creative Students of Govt. High School, Avanavanchery, bonded with lifelong friendship decided to blog together. They gave me the opportunity to co-operate with them. I really enjoy their company. May GOD bless the fellowship.
Wednesday, October 3, 2007
ZOO SEMIOTICS
Zoo semiotics means the study of the different ways in which animals communicate with each other animals have several different ways of communication and this communication affects the behavior of the other animals living around them. Zoo semiotics was founded by an American professor Thomas Sebeok in 1967.
Working of the Small Intestine
In the small intestine, proteins are changed into amino acids; fats are changed into fatty acids; and carbohydrates are changed into sugars. These products are soluble and can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.
The main areas of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In humans, the small intestine, which measures from 22 to 25 feet (6.7 to 7.6 meters) long, is the longest part of the digestive tract.
Food remains in the small intestine for several hours. Digestion here is aided by secretions produced by the liver and pancreas, which are connected to the small intestine by ducts.
The pancreas is one of the most important glands in the body. It secretes pancreatic juice, which contains digestive enzymes such as trypsin, which helps digest protein foods; amylase and maltase, which break down carbohydrates; and lipase, which works with bile from the liver to digest fat. Bile is produced in the liver but stored in the gallbladder, a small hollow organ located just under the liver. Bile does not contain enzymes; rather, it consists chiefly of acids, salts, cholesterol, and other substances that work with lipase to break down fats.
The gallbladder, which is prone to numerous disorders, can be surgically removed without serious effect. The liver, however, is essential to life. It has many important functions, such as removing clotting factors for the blood. The liver is an important site of metabolism; proteins and fats are synthesized here, and sugars are converted to glycogen, which is then stored in the liver until it is needed for energy.
The walls of the hollow organs of the digestive tract—the esophagus, stomach, and small and …
As food is broken down in the small intestine it is further diluted by fluid secreted by glands in the intestinal wall. The lining of the small intestine contains many folds that expand its surface area, allowing increased contact between the wall and food products. The surface area is further increased by thousands of villi, microscopic fingerlike projections of the intestinal wall. Nutrients pass through the cell membranes of the villi and are taken into the blood and lymph, which carry them to the cells, where they are used for energy and growth.
By the time the diluted food products have traveled the length of the small intestine, most of their nutrients have been absorbed into the bloodstream. Some water is absorbed here, though most water is reabsorbed in the large intestine.
The main areas of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In humans, the small intestine, which measures from 22 to 25 feet (6.7 to 7.6 meters) long, is the longest part of the digestive tract.
Food remains in the small intestine for several hours. Digestion here is aided by secretions produced by the liver and pancreas, which are connected to the small intestine by ducts.
The pancreas is one of the most important glands in the body. It secretes pancreatic juice, which contains digestive enzymes such as trypsin, which helps digest protein foods; amylase and maltase, which break down carbohydrates; and lipase, which works with bile from the liver to digest fat. Bile is produced in the liver but stored in the gallbladder, a small hollow organ located just under the liver. Bile does not contain enzymes; rather, it consists chiefly of acids, salts, cholesterol, and other substances that work with lipase to break down fats.
The gallbladder, which is prone to numerous disorders, can be surgically removed without serious effect. The liver, however, is essential to life. It has many important functions, such as removing clotting factors for the blood. The liver is an important site of metabolism; proteins and fats are synthesized here, and sugars are converted to glycogen, which is then stored in the liver until it is needed for energy.
The walls of the hollow organs of the digestive tract—the esophagus, stomach, and small and …
As food is broken down in the small intestine it is further diluted by fluid secreted by glands in the intestinal wall. The lining of the small intestine contains many folds that expand its surface area, allowing increased contact between the wall and food products. The surface area is further increased by thousands of villi, microscopic fingerlike projections of the intestinal wall. Nutrients pass through the cell membranes of the villi and are taken into the blood and lymph, which carry them to the cells, where they are used for energy and growth.
By the time the diluted food products have traveled the length of the small intestine, most of their nutrients have been absorbed into the bloodstream. Some water is absorbed here, though most water is reabsorbed in the large intestine.
Liver
The liver lies near the heart and stomach. It is part of the digestive system and also performs …
The liver is the largest and heaviest organ within the body. It also has the most tasks to perform. Nestled in the upper abdomen behind the right lung, the liver seems to be a uniform blob of reddish-brown tissue, but it is the body's chief chemical factory, blood-purifying and tune-up station, poison detoxification center, and food storage and distribution center as well as a major gland in the digestive system . All vertebrates, or animals with backbones, have livers, and all livers perform alike, though they vary in size and shape. The Greek word for liver is hepar, and many things pertaining to the liver are called “hepatic.”
The human liver is divided into a large right lobe and a smaller left lobe that overhang the stomach and intestine. From the intestine the portal vein transports nutrient-rich blood into the liver through a slit called the porta hepatis (Latin for “door to the liver”). Also entering the portal is the hepatic artery, which carries fresh oxygenated blood to the liver so that it can do its work of processing the substances that arrive from the intestine. As much as 10 percent of all the blood in the body is present in the liver at any one time.
The interior of the liver contains thousands of tall, six-sided spaces called lobules. Inside the lobules are rows of liver cells that converge on a central vein running like a pole through the middle of a room. Branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery tunnel through the lobule walls and flow between the rows of liver cells, depositing their blood into channels called sinusoids. Here special scavenger cells trap and devour worn-out red blood cells, bacteria, and other debris. From the blood, the liver cells take up excess sugar, which is in the form of glucose, and convert it to glycogen for storage. Whenever blood sugar levels drop, glycogen is reconverted to glucose and added to the blood. If the liver uses up its full capacity to store glycogen, it converts glucose to fat for storage in fatty tissue. This fat is reconverted to glucose when glycogen stores are consumed.
Amino acids, the products of digested proteins, are also taken up; some are stored and some processed into new blood proteins. Vitamins and minerals—especially A, D, B12, and iron—are also stored in the liver and added to the blood as needed.
Reprocessed blood flows from the sinusoids to the central vein in the middle of the lobule. All the central veins connect with the hepatic veins, which transport the blood upward through the roof of the liver to a large vein that leads to the heart.The liver has yet another transport system to carry bile, a yellowish-greenish waste fluid made partly of cholesterol and old blood pigments. Bile contains products that can break down fat into small droplets. This feature is useful to the intestine as an aid in digestion. Cells of the liver secrete bile into tiny intercellular canals that link together to form bile ducts. The ducts merge into one large duct that leaves the liver by the porta hepatis. Outside the liver a branch leads to the gallbladder, a bile storage sac. Below this branch the duct, now called the common bile duct, enters the intestine.
Excess bile pigment in the blood colors the skin and eyeballs yellow, a condition known as jaundice. Causes include a high rate of red blood cell destruction and an obstructed bile duct. Hepatitis, inflammation of the lobules, results from viral or bacterial infection or from injury caused by larger quantities of harmful chemicals than the liver can detoxify. When liver tissue is damaged beyond regeneration, it is replaced by fat and connective tissue. This condition is called cirrhosis, and by far the most common cause is alcoholism. Cancer may also strike the liver. Prospects have improved for prolonging life through liver transplantation, but graft rejection remains a problem.
The liver is the largest and heaviest organ within the body. It also has the most tasks to perform. Nestled in the upper abdomen behind the right lung, the liver seems to be a uniform blob of reddish-brown tissue, but it is the body's chief chemical factory, blood-purifying and tune-up station, poison detoxification center, and food storage and distribution center as well as a major gland in the digestive system . All vertebrates, or animals with backbones, have livers, and all livers perform alike, though they vary in size and shape. The Greek word for liver is hepar, and many things pertaining to the liver are called “hepatic.”
The human liver is divided into a large right lobe and a smaller left lobe that overhang the stomach and intestine. From the intestine the portal vein transports nutrient-rich blood into the liver through a slit called the porta hepatis (Latin for “door to the liver”). Also entering the portal is the hepatic artery, which carries fresh oxygenated blood to the liver so that it can do its work of processing the substances that arrive from the intestine. As much as 10 percent of all the blood in the body is present in the liver at any one time.
The interior of the liver contains thousands of tall, six-sided spaces called lobules. Inside the lobules are rows of liver cells that converge on a central vein running like a pole through the middle of a room. Branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery tunnel through the lobule walls and flow between the rows of liver cells, depositing their blood into channels called sinusoids. Here special scavenger cells trap and devour worn-out red blood cells, bacteria, and other debris. From the blood, the liver cells take up excess sugar, which is in the form of glucose, and convert it to glycogen for storage. Whenever blood sugar levels drop, glycogen is reconverted to glucose and added to the blood. If the liver uses up its full capacity to store glycogen, it converts glucose to fat for storage in fatty tissue. This fat is reconverted to glucose when glycogen stores are consumed.
Amino acids, the products of digested proteins, are also taken up; some are stored and some processed into new blood proteins. Vitamins and minerals—especially A, D, B12, and iron—are also stored in the liver and added to the blood as needed.
Reprocessed blood flows from the sinusoids to the central vein in the middle of the lobule. All the central veins connect with the hepatic veins, which transport the blood upward through the roof of the liver to a large vein that leads to the heart.The liver has yet another transport system to carry bile, a yellowish-greenish waste fluid made partly of cholesterol and old blood pigments. Bile contains products that can break down fat into small droplets. This feature is useful to the intestine as an aid in digestion. Cells of the liver secrete bile into tiny intercellular canals that link together to form bile ducts. The ducts merge into one large duct that leaves the liver by the porta hepatis. Outside the liver a branch leads to the gallbladder, a bile storage sac. Below this branch the duct, now called the common bile duct, enters the intestine.
Excess bile pigment in the blood colors the skin and eyeballs yellow, a condition known as jaundice. Causes include a high rate of red blood cell destruction and an obstructed bile duct. Hepatitis, inflammation of the lobules, results from viral or bacterial infection or from injury caused by larger quantities of harmful chemicals than the liver can detoxify. When liver tissue is damaged beyond regeneration, it is replaced by fat and connective tissue. This condition is called cirrhosis, and by far the most common cause is alcoholism. Cancer may also strike the liver. Prospects have improved for prolonging life through liver transplantation, but graft rejection remains a problem.
Work of the Large Intestine
The human large intestine is about 6 feet (2 meters) long. It includes the ascending colon, …
The large intestine is made up of the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, and anus. In the large intestine water is reabsorbed through the intestinal wall, converting the remaining waste into solids that are passed from the body as feces. The colon is populated by bacteria that digest any remaining food products. These bacteria also produce folic acid, which prevents anemia, and other vitamins.
Peristalsis moves digested material from the small intestine into the ascending colon through a sphincter muscle, which prevents their return into the small intestine. In the ascending colon, fluids and salts are absorbed. In the transverse colon more water is removed from the waste materials until they are in solid form.
The descending colon is a holding area for solid waste. When the body is ready to eliminate this material, it moves into the rectum, the last 5 to 6 inches (13 to 15 centimeters) of the descending colon. When enough waste material accumulates, it is eliminated through the anus—the open end of the rectum—as feces. A sphincter at the edge of the anus prevents fecal material from leaving the body involuntarily.
Peristalsis in the large intestine is much slower than in other parts of the digestive tract. The large intestine in humans is only about 6 feet (2 meters) long, yet waste material takes 10 to 20 hours to pass through it.
The large intestine is made up of the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, and anus. In the large intestine water is reabsorbed through the intestinal wall, converting the remaining waste into solids that are passed from the body as feces. The colon is populated by bacteria that digest any remaining food products. These bacteria also produce folic acid, which prevents anemia, and other vitamins.
Peristalsis moves digested material from the small intestine into the ascending colon through a sphincter muscle, which prevents their return into the small intestine. In the ascending colon, fluids and salts are absorbed. In the transverse colon more water is removed from the waste materials until they are in solid form.
The descending colon is a holding area for solid waste. When the body is ready to eliminate this material, it moves into the rectum, the last 5 to 6 inches (13 to 15 centimeters) of the descending colon. When enough waste material accumulates, it is eliminated through the anus—the open end of the rectum—as feces. A sphincter at the edge of the anus prevents fecal material from leaving the body involuntarily.
Peristalsis in the large intestine is much slower than in other parts of the digestive tract. The large intestine in humans is only about 6 feet (2 meters) long, yet waste material takes 10 to 20 hours to pass through it.
WHEN DID THE FIRST PLANT APPEAR?
The very first plants appeared on earth more than 3550 million years before mosses and ferns appeared on land
These were the tiny algae that floated in the sea all the other plants have evolved from them.
These were the tiny algae that floated in the sea all the other plants have evolved from them.
The Great Gandhi (1869-1948)
(1869–1948). Considered to be the father of modern India, Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of his country's independence movement. He led the Indian people in nonviolent protest against British rule when India was a colony of Great Britain. His efforts on behalf of Indians earned him the title Mahatma, meaning “great soul.”
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India. He grew up in a religious home where he was influenced by two Indian religions—Hinduism and Jainism. Two of Jainism's central ideas are nonviolence and the belief that everything in the universe is eternal.
During his years at school, Mohandas was considered an average student. In 1887 he finished his studies at the University of Bombay. He then moved to England in September 1888 to study law in London.
In London Gandhi spent some of his time reading philosophy. He discovered the political theory of nonviolence in an essay called Civil Disobedience by U.S. writer Henry David Thoreau. This idea, coupled with the religious teachings of his childhood, shaped Gandhi's social and political thought. In 1891 Gandhi returned to India. His career as a lawyer in India, however, was not successful.
Gandhi went to South Africa in 1893. He had no intention of staying for long. However, the living conditions of Indians in the British colony of Natal changed his mind. He became actively involved in the affairs of Natal's Indian community. Gandhi succeeded in drawing the public's attention to the problems of Natal's Indians.
Gandhi remained loyal to the British Empire during South Africa's Boer War. At the outbreak of the war between the British and Dutch in 1899, he urged Indians to support the British. The British victory in 1902 brought little relief to the Indians in the Transvaal, a British colony. In 1906 the British in the Transvaal ordered the Indian population to register their names with the government. Under Gandhi's leadership, the Transvaal Indians defied the order. They willingly suffered the penalties of the British government. Thus was born Satyagraha, or “devotion to truth.” It was a new method of political protest. Satyagraha tried to correct injustices by accepting the attacks of political opponents. It also meant resisting an opponent without bitterness or violence.
Gandhi returned to India in early 1915. In February 1919 he protested against a law allowing the British to imprison Indians without trial. In response to the law, Gandhi called for a Satyagraha against the British rulers in India.
He ended the satyagraha after a crowd of Indians was attacked by British police. By the autumn of 1920, however, Gandhi was the leading political figure in India. Gandhi's followers boycotted British goods as well as British institutions in India, such as legislatures, courts, offices, and schools. This mass civil disobedience stunned the entire country. Gandhi was arrested on March 10, 1922. He was tried for treason and sentenced to prison for six years.
In 1930, in protest of a tax on salt, Gandhi led thousands of Indians on a 200-mile (320-kilometer) march to the sea to make their own salt. As a result, the British imprisoned more than 60,000 people. A year later, Gandhi accepted a truce and called off the civil disobedience movement.
With the outbreak of Worldwar2, the Indian nationalist struggle entered its last phase. Gandhi demanded immediate independence as India's price for aiding Britain in the war. He was imprisoned for the third time, from 1942 to 1944.
In 1947 India was granted independence from Britain. With independence, however, India's land was divided into two new countries: India and Pakistan. The new nation of India contained mostly Hindus while Pakistan contained a majority of Muslims. This geographical and religious separation was a great disappointment to Gandhi. Before and after India's division, the country was torn by clashes between Hindus and Muslims. During this period, Gandhi tried to end the conflict between the two groups of people. His efforts to restore peace were resented by people in both groups. On January 30, 1948, in the city of Delhi, Gandhi was shot and killed by a Hindu man.
Gandhi was one of the greatest political and social leaders in the 20th century. His use of nonviolent protest eventually led to his country's independence. Within his country, he supported the rights of both Hindus and Muslims. He also sought better treatment for the lowest members of Indian society.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India. He grew up in a religious home where he was influenced by two Indian religions—Hinduism and Jainism. Two of Jainism's central ideas are nonviolence and the belief that everything in the universe is eternal.
During his years at school, Mohandas was considered an average student. In 1887 he finished his studies at the University of Bombay. He then moved to England in September 1888 to study law in London.
In London Gandhi spent some of his time reading philosophy. He discovered the political theory of nonviolence in an essay called Civil Disobedience by U.S. writer Henry David Thoreau. This idea, coupled with the religious teachings of his childhood, shaped Gandhi's social and political thought. In 1891 Gandhi returned to India. His career as a lawyer in India, however, was not successful.
Gandhi went to South Africa in 1893. He had no intention of staying for long. However, the living conditions of Indians in the British colony of Natal changed his mind. He became actively involved in the affairs of Natal's Indian community. Gandhi succeeded in drawing the public's attention to the problems of Natal's Indians.
Gandhi remained loyal to the British Empire during South Africa's Boer War. At the outbreak of the war between the British and Dutch in 1899, he urged Indians to support the British. The British victory in 1902 brought little relief to the Indians in the Transvaal, a British colony. In 1906 the British in the Transvaal ordered the Indian population to register their names with the government. Under Gandhi's leadership, the Transvaal Indians defied the order. They willingly suffered the penalties of the British government. Thus was born Satyagraha, or “devotion to truth.” It was a new method of political protest. Satyagraha tried to correct injustices by accepting the attacks of political opponents. It also meant resisting an opponent without bitterness or violence.
Gandhi returned to India in early 1915. In February 1919 he protested against a law allowing the British to imprison Indians without trial. In response to the law, Gandhi called for a Satyagraha against the British rulers in India.
He ended the satyagraha after a crowd of Indians was attacked by British police. By the autumn of 1920, however, Gandhi was the leading political figure in India. Gandhi's followers boycotted British goods as well as British institutions in India, such as legislatures, courts, offices, and schools. This mass civil disobedience stunned the entire country. Gandhi was arrested on March 10, 1922. He was tried for treason and sentenced to prison for six years.
In 1930, in protest of a tax on salt, Gandhi led thousands of Indians on a 200-mile (320-kilometer) march to the sea to make their own salt. As a result, the British imprisoned more than 60,000 people. A year later, Gandhi accepted a truce and called off the civil disobedience movement.
With the outbreak of Worldwar2, the Indian nationalist struggle entered its last phase. Gandhi demanded immediate independence as India's price for aiding Britain in the war. He was imprisoned for the third time, from 1942 to 1944.
In 1947 India was granted independence from Britain. With independence, however, India's land was divided into two new countries: India and Pakistan. The new nation of India contained mostly Hindus while Pakistan contained a majority of Muslims. This geographical and religious separation was a great disappointment to Gandhi. Before and after India's division, the country was torn by clashes between Hindus and Muslims. During this period, Gandhi tried to end the conflict between the two groups of people. His efforts to restore peace were resented by people in both groups. On January 30, 1948, in the city of Delhi, Gandhi was shot and killed by a Hindu man.
Gandhi was one of the greatest political and social leaders in the 20th century. His use of nonviolent protest eventually led to his country's independence. Within his country, he supported the rights of both Hindus and Muslims. He also sought better treatment for the lowest members of Indian society.
Why plants are considered the earliest forms of life?
At first, there was no life on earth. Then, hundreds of millions of years ago, tiny specks of living matter appeared. These tiny specks were called protoplasm. Scientists tell us that the appearance of protoplasm marks the beginning of all plant and animal life. Some of these specks of protoplasm
Developed thick walls and stayed in one place. These became the first plants. Some developed a green colouring matter called chlorophyll.
Developed thick walls and stayed in one place. These became the first plants. Some developed a green colouring matter called chlorophyll.
SMALLEST FISH
In 2005 this fish were discovered in Indonesia that measured only 7.9mm.It’s name is ‘PAEDO CYPRIS PROGENETICA’ a member of the carp family.
Telepathy
The term telepathy was coined by Frederic W.H. Myers in 1822, from Greek words tele and Patheia.Tele means remote, Patheia means to be affected by Para psychologists argue that some instances of telepathy are real. Skeptics say that instances of what seems to be telepathy are explained as the result of fraud or self delusion.
MOBILE TV NETWORK
Wireless communication systems use devices called transmitters to generate radio waves. A microphone or other device converts sound and data into impulses. The transmitters change the impulses into radio signals that can be sent across great distances. Radio receivers pick up these signals and turn this into its original form. Wireless communication has become a part of our daily life. It is used in our radios, televisions, mobile phones, remote controls and security systems. Wireless communications are rapidly growing segment of communications and have mind boggling applications for the future.
Speed Of Animals
Animal--Speed(km/h)
!----------------------------------------------!
Falcon-----(298)
Swift-------(171)
Eider duck--(114)
Sailfish----(110)
Cheetah---(110)
Pigeon----(90)
Lion------(80)
Rabbit----(72)
Ostrich----(70)
Shark-----(70)
Dog------(68)
Horse-----(70)
Man------(38)
Whale----(25)
Rat------(10)
Ant------(0.032)
Snail-----(0.0002)
!----------------------------------------------!
Falcon-----(298)
Swift-------(171)
Eider duck--(114)
Sailfish----(110)
Cheetah---(110)
Pigeon----(90)
Lion------(80)
Rabbit----(72)
Ostrich----(70)
Shark-----(70)
Dog------(68)
Horse-----(70)
Man------(38)
Whale----(25)
Rat------(10)
Ant------(0.032)
Snail-----(0.0002)
Emperor Penguins
There are 17 types of penguins. Emperor penguins are the largest of all growing up to 1.3m tall and weighing up to 45kg.They live in Antarctica one of the coldest places in the world. Female lays eggs and sets for sea males guard their babies.
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